Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 18 No 2 (2014): 271 – 283

 

 

 

REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM GREEN MUSSEL VIA CATALYTIC OXIDATION

 

(Penyigkiran Logam-Logam Tertentu Daripada Kupang Melalui Pengoksidaan Bermangkin)

 

Faizuan Abdullah, Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar*, Razali Ismail, Dwi Priya Hadiyanto

 

Department of Chemistry,

Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia.

 

*Corresponding author: wazelee@kimia.fs.utm.my

 

 

Abstract

Perna viridis or green mussel is a potentially an important aquaculture product along the South Coast of Peninsular Malaysia especially Johor Straits. As the coastal population increases at tremendous rate, there was significant effect of land use changes on marine communities especially green mussel, as the heavy metals input to the coastal area also increase because of anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals content in the green mussel exceeded the Malaysian Food Regulations (1985) and EU Food Regulations (EC No: 1881/2006). Sampling was done at Johor Straits from Danga to Pendas coastal area for green mussel samples. This research introduces a catalytic oxidative technique for demetallisation in green mussel using edible oxidants such as peracetic acid (PAA) enhanced with alumina beads supported CuO, Fe₂O₃, and ZnO catalysts. The lethal dose of LD₅₀ to rats of PAA is 1540 mg kg^-1 was verified by National Institute of Safety and Health, United State of America. The best calcination temperature for the catalysts was at 1000 ºC as shown in the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen Adsorption (BET surface area) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analyses. The demetallisation process in green mussel was done successfully using only 100 mgL^-1 PAA and catalyzed with Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ for up to 90% mercury (Hg) removal.  Using PAA with only 1 hour of reaction time, at room temperature (30-35ºC), pH 5-6 and salinity of 25-28 ppt, 90% lead (Pb) was removed from life mussel without catalyst. These findings have a great prospect for developing an efficient and practical method for post-harvesting heavy metals removal in green mussel.

 

Keywords: Green mussel (Perna viridis), heavy  metals, catalytic oxidative demetallisation, peracetic acid

 

Abstrak

Perna viridis atau kupang adalah produk akuakultur penting dan berpotensi tinggi di selatan Semenanjung Malaysia terutama di Selat Johor. Akibat kepesatan peningkatan populasi manusia dan aktiviti pembangunan di sekitar selat tersebut, kesan signifikan yang berlaku menyebabkan hidupan marin terutama kupang turut tercemar dengan peningkatan kandungan logam berat. Kandungan logam tersebut telah melebihi had yang dibenarkan Peraturan Makanan Malaysia 1985 dan Peraturan Makanan Kesatuan Eropah (EU) (EC No:1881/2006). Pensampelan telah dilakukan di Selat Johor dari Teluk Danga hingga ke Pendas untuk sampel kupang. Kajian ini memperkenalkan teknik pengoksidaan bermangkin untuk penyingkiran logam dalam kupang menggunakan agen pengoksidaan yang selamat dimakan seperti asid perasetik (PAA) dimangkinkan oleh CuO, Fe₂O₃, dan ZnO yang disokong pada permukaan manik alumina (Al₂O₃). LD₅₀ utk PAA ialah 1540 mgkg^-1, telah disahkan Institut Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Kebangsaan (NIOSH) Amerika Syarikat. Bagi mangkin yang digunakan, suhu kalsinasi terbaik ialah pada suhu 1000 ºC seperti yang dibuktikan dengan analisa XRD, Analisis Penjerapan Nitrogen (keluasan permukaan BET)  dan mikrograf FESEM. Proses penyingkiran logam dari kupang telah dilakukan dengan hanya menggunakan 100 mgL^-1 PAA dimangkinkan oleh Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ untuk penyingkiran hampir 90% merkuri (Hg), dan menggunakan PAA tanpa mangkin untuk penyingkiran hampir 90% plumbum (Pb) dengan masa tindakbalas hanya 1 jam, dalam suhu sekitar 30-35 ºC, pH 5-6 dan kemasinan air 25-28 ppt. Penemuan ini memberikan prospek yang sangat baik dalam membangunkan kaedah yang efisyen dan praktikal untuk menyingkirkan logam dari kupang yang masih hidup sebelum dipasarkan.

 

Kata kunci: Kupang (Perna viridis), logam berat, penyingkiran logam pengoksidaan bermangkin, asid perasitik

 

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