Malaysian Journal Of Analytical Sciences Vol 18 No 2 (2014): 260 – 270

 

 

 

Daun Hibiscus rosa sinensis: Analisis Proksimat, Aktiviti AntiOksidan dan Kandungan Bahan Inorganik

 

(Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves: Analysis of Proximate, Antioxidant Activities and Inorganic Compound)

 

Saiful Irwan Zubairi* & Nurul Shahreda Jaies

 

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan,

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: saiful-z@ukm.edu.my

 

 

Abstrak

Sehingga kini, pelbagai spesies tumbuh-tumbuhan herba banyak digunakan di dalam perubatan tradisional.  Kebanyakan tumbuh-tumbuhan ini mempunyai bahan bio-aktif dan kandungan nutrisi yang berpotensi untuk memberikan kesan kesihatan yang positif seperti antioksidan dan antipiretik. Bunga raya atau nama saintifiknya, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, dikatakan mempunyai khasiat seperti teh kerana mengandungi bahan antioksidan yang dapat membantu mengawal kolesterol. Di samping itu, lendir yang terdapat di dalam daunnya boleh menurunkan suhu badan melampau ketika demam panas (berpotensi sebagai bahan antipiretik). Oleh yang demikian, kajian awalan terhadap daun H. rosa sinensis segar dan kering dijalankan bagi menganalisis dan mengenalpasti kandungan nutrisi penting, aktiviti antioksidan dan kandungan bahan inorganik. Kaedah penentuan kandungan jumlah fenolik (TPC) digunakan bagi sampel daun segar dan kering sebelum aktiviti antioksidan penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dan kuasa penurunan ion ferik (FRAP) dijalankan bagi tujuan pengesahan komponen antioksidan. Manakala, komposisi logam berat dikaji menggunakan kaedah spektrometri jisim plasma berpeningkatan berganda (ICP-MS). Keputusan analisis proksimat daun segar menunjukkan terdapatnya kandungan lembapan (9.03%), protein (10.44%), lemak (6.43%), serat kasar (11.55%), abu (11.22%) dan karbohidrat (51.33%). Manakala, kandungan bahan inorganik adalah seperti berikut: kadmium (Cd), kromium (Cr), arsenik (As), nikel (Ni), plumbum (Pb), ferum (Fe) dan zink (Zn). Selain daripada itu, analisis antioksidan menunjukkan daun kering H. rosa sinensis mempunyai nilai DPPH dan FRAP yang tinggi berbanding daun segar (p<0.05) bagi pelarut aseton dan air. Nilai korelasi positif yang tinggi di antara analisis TPC dan dua ujian aktiviti antioksidan FRAP dan DPPH (p<0.05) menunjukkan kewujudan komponen penting antioksidan di dalam hasil ekstrak aseton dan air. Secara keseluruhan, kebolehdapatan komponen nutrisi penting, bahan antioksidan yang tinggi dan kepekatan bahan inorganik berbahaya yang rendah di dalam daun H. rosa sinensis membolehkan ia berpotensi besar di dalam pembangunan produk perubatan semulajadi bagi merawat demam panas (piretik).

 

Kata kunci: Hibiscus rosa sinensis, proksimat, antioksidan, komponen nutrisi penting, bahan inorganik

 

Abstract

A variety of herbal plants species has been used in traditional medicine. Most of these plants contained several potent bio-active ingredients and nutrients that could give potential positive effects to the health such as antioxidant and antipyretic. Hibiscus rosa sinensis, commonly known as Bunga raya, have similar concoction characteristic to tea which contain antioxidants that help to control cholesterol. In addition, mucilage that was found in the leaves could helps to reduce extreme body heat during fever (which potentially acts as an antipyretic). Therefore, this preliminary study on the fresh and dried H. rosa sinensis leaves was carried out to analyze and identify the nutrients content, anti-oxidants and inorganic material. Total phenolic content (TPC) method was used for both fresh and dried leaves prior to the antioxidant activities of DPPH free radicals scavenging and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as to confirm the existence of antioxidant constituents. Meanwhile, the composition of heavy metals was studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The proximate analysis of the fresh leaves showed the presence of moisture content (9.03%), protein (10.44%), fat (6.43%), crude fiber (11.55%), ash (11.22%) and carbohydrate (51.33%). Meanwhile, the inorganic contents are as follows: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of FRAP and DPPH showed that dried leaves of H. rosa sinensis was higher than the fresh leaves (p<0.05) irrespective of any solvent used. The positive correlation between TPC and two other antioxidant activities of DPPH and FRAP (p<0.05) indicates the presence of antioxidant components in the acetone and water extracts. Therefore, the high availability of essential nutritional component, anti-oxidants and low concentration of hazardous inorganic matter in H. rosa sinensis leaves enable it to be used as one of the potential natural products to treat high fever (pyretic).

 

Keywords: Hibiscus rosa sinensis, proximate, antioxidant, essential nutrient component, inorganic materials

 

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