Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 18 No 2 (2014): 337 – 343

 

 

 

peNILAIAN RISIKO KANSER DARI SAMPEL TANIH DI SEKITAR KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN GEBENG, PAHANG DAN SAMPEL AMANG DI PERAK

 

(Assessments of Cancer Risk from Soil Samples in Gebeng Industrial Estate, Pahang and Amang Samples in Perak)

 

Che Nor Aniza Binti Che Zainul Bahri*, Khoo Kok Siong, Amran Ab. Majid, Norafatin binti Khalid

 

Program Sains Nuklear, Jabatan Fizik Gunaan

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: anizazainul@gmail.com

 

 

Abstrak

Aktiviti perindustrian seperti industri amang dan industri pemprosesan nadir bumi menyumbang kepada risiko radiologi terhadap kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar. Aktiviti- aktiviti ini boleh meningkatkan keradioaktifan tabii (NORM) yang signifikan dalam persekitaran. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menentukan kepekatan aktiviti Torium-232 (²³²Th), Uranium-238 (²³⁸U) dan Kalium-40 (⁴⁰K) dalam sampel tanih di sekitar Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng, Pahang dan sampel ilmenit dan monazit dari tiga buah kilang pemprosesan amang di Perak dengan menggunakan spektrometri sinar gama. Seterusnya kadar dos terserap sinar gama, dos tahunan dan risiko kanser ditentukan. Kepekatan aktiviti ²³²Th, ²³⁸U dan ⁴⁰K dalam sampel tanih di Gebeng masing - masing telah ditemui dalam julat 14.3 – 102.4, 23.8 – 81.3 dan 73.3 - 451 Bq kg^-1. Manakala julat kepekatan aktiviti ²³²Th, ²³⁸U dan ⁴⁰K bagi sampel ilmenit dan monazit adalah masing - masing 259 - 166500, 194 - 28750 dan 26.4 - 11991 Bq kg^-1. Julat kadar dos terserap sinar gama di Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng adalah 22 - 108 nGy j^-1 dan di kawasan pemprosesan amang adalah 390 - 6650 nGy j^-1. Dos tahunan di Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng dan kawasan pemprosesan amang masing - masing adalah 0.02 – 0.15 dan 0.47 - 68  mSv tahun^-1. Kajian menunjukan risiko kanser di Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng adalah 4 per sejuta orang dan 3702 per sejuta orang  di kawasan pemprosesan amang. Kepekatan aktiviti dalam tanih di Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng berada dalam julat yang dilaporkan oleh UNSCEAR 2000 di Malaysia. Kepekatan aktiviti, kadar dos terserap sinar gama, dos tahunan dan risiko kanser di Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng lebih rendah daripada kawasan pemprosesan amang kerana kawasan pemprosesan amang mempunyai aktiviti yang tinggi di sekitar kawasannya disebabkan kehadiran monazit yang tinggi dengan torium. Kajian ini mencadangkan pemantauan dos sekitaran perlu dilakukan secara berterusan untuk menjamin kelestarian manusia dan alam sekitar.

 

Kata kunci: kepekatan aktiviti, risiko kanser, amang, keradioaktifan tabii

 

Abstract

Industrial activities such as the tin tailings and rare earth processing contribute to radiological risk to human health and environment. Those activities can accumulate the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) with significant concentration in the environment. The aims of this study was to determine the activities concentration of Thorium -232 ( ²³²Th ), Uranium -238 ( ²³⁸U ) and Potassium - 40 ( ⁴⁰K ) in soil samples around the Gebeng Industrial Estate, Pahang and in samples of ilmenite and monazite from three tin tailings processing plants in Perak using gamma ray spectrometry. The terrestrial gamma dose rate, the annual dose and cancer risk were also determined. The activities concentration of ²³²Th, ²³⁸U and ⁴⁰K in the Gebeng soil samples were found in the range of 14.3 - 102.4, 23.8 - 81.3 and 73.3 - 451 Bq kg^-1, respectively. While the activities concentration of ²³²Th, ²³⁸U and ⁴⁰K for ilmenite and monazite samples were in the range of 259 - 166500, 194 - 28750 and 26.4 - 11991 Bq kg^-1, respectively. The range terrestrial gamma dose rate at the Gebeng Industrial Estate was 22 - 108 nGy h^-1 and the tin tailings processing plants was 390 – 6650 nGy h^-1. Whereas the annual dose at the Gebeng Industrial Estate and tin tailings processing plants were 0.02 – 0.15 and 0.47 - 68 mSv y^-1, respectively. The study showed that the cancer risk in the Gebeng industrial area were 4 peoples per million and 3702 peoples per million in the tin tailings processing plants. The activity concentration of soil from industrial area reported by UNSCEAR 2000 was in range of the Malaysia soil background. The activity concentration, the terrestrial gamma dose rate, the annual dose and the cancer risk were lower in the industrial area compared to tin tailings processing plants due to the high activity among the tin tailings processing area due to the high content of thorium in monazite. This study is recommended to monitor the environmental dose continuously in order to ensure the sustainability of human and environment.to ensure the sustainability of human and environment.

 

Keywords: activity concentration, cancer risk, amang, natural radionuclide

 

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