Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 3 (2023): 641 - 652

Cymbopogon citratus AND Cymbopogon nardus ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS – FTIR, CHEMOMETRICS ASSESSMENT

AND IDENTIFICATION USING GC-MS

(Komponen Minyak Pati Cymbopogon citratus dan Cymbopogon nardus- Penilaian FTIR, Kemometrik dan Penentuan Menggunakan GC-MS)

Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: hazrulrizawati@ump.edu.my

Received: 24 October 2022; Accepted: 12 May 2023; Published: 23 June 2023

Abstract

Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus essential oil are high-value natural products due to their special qualities and commercial significance. In this work, the volatile compounds of the C. citratus and C. nardus natural essential oils obtained by hydro distillation and commercial sources using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics methods were systematically detected and identified. The GC-MS results indicated that the main compound in the natural essential oil of C. citratus is citral while citronellal commercial samples of both Cymbopogan species are positively significant. Based on the results of GC-MS, citral was the major component in C. citratus while citronellal was the major component in C. nardus. Analyzing the FTIR data using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) further revealed that the chemical composition of natural essential oils C. citratus and C. nardus samples were significantly different from commercial samples. This study revealed the first insight into metabolite compositional differences among C. citratus and C. nardus using quick and affordable analytical procedures.

Keywords: Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, chemometrics, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, Cymbopogon

Abstrak

Minyak pati Cymbopogon citratus dan Cymbopogon nardus ialah produk semula jadi bernilai tinggi kerana kualitinya yang istimewa dan kepentingan komersialnya. Dalam kajian ini, sebatian meruap minyak pati semula jadi C. citratus dan C. nardus yang diperoleh melalui penyulingan hidro dan sumber komersial dikenalpasti dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas spektrometri jisim (GC-MS), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan kaedah kemometrik. Keputusan GC-MS menunjukkan bahawa sebatian utama dalam sampel komersial bagi kedua-dua spesies Cymbopogan secara signifikan berkorelasi positif dengan minyak pati semulajadi. Berdasarkan keputusan GC-MS, sitral adalah komponen utama dalam C. citratus manakala sitronelal adalah komponen utama dalam C. nardus. Melalui analisis data FTIR menggunakan analisis prinsip komponen (PCA) dan analisis kluster hierarki (HCA) seterusnya mendedahkan bahawa komposisi kimia minyak pati semulajadi C. citratus dan C. nardus sampel adalah berbeza dengan ketara daripada sampel komersial. Kajian ini memberikan keputusan yang jelas tentang perbezaan komposisi metabolit antara C. citratus dan C. nardus menggunakan prosedur analisis yang cepat dan berpatutan.

Kata kunci: Spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier, kemometrik, analisis prinsip komponen,analisis kluster hierarki, Cymbopogon

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