Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 26 No 2 (2022): 229 - 240

 

 

 

 

THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTI-ACNE ACTIVITY DETERMINATION of Swietenia macrophylla SEED EXTRACTS

 

(Penentuan Ciri Kimia dan Aktiviti Anti-Jerawat Ekstrak Biji Swietenia Macrophylla)

 

Non Daina Masdar¹, Noor Hafizah Uyup¹, Zamzila Erdawati Zainol², Muhammad Akmal Roslani², Siti Nur Syarifa Anuar¹, Muhamad Azhar Zulkafle³*

 

¹Department of Chemistry

²Department of Marine

³Department of Biology

Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: azharz@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 7 October 2021; Accepted: 18 December 2021; Published: 28 April 2022

 

 

Abstract

Acne is a common skin disorder usually treated using antibiotics and drugs. However, until today, dermatologists struggle to treat acne resistance towards topical treatment over a long period. One of the solutions is using natural bioactive compounds from plant extracts. In this work, Swietenia macrophylla seeds oil, rich in active compounds, was used to inhibit acne-causing bacteria, i.e., Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The seed powder sample was extracted using the Soxhlet extraction method in three different solvents for six hours and ten cycles. The seed extracts were analysed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS), and a disc diffusion assay was performed to analyse the antibacterial activities. The heavy metal analysis was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results show that bioactive compound yields are 37-72%. Eugenol and isoeugenol compounds are the main constituents in the oil extracts with 98% and 97% quality. The compounds also demonstrated inhibitory activities towards all tested bacteria, with inhibition zones between 11 and 22 mm on 30 ?g tetracycline discs. These compounds without isolation work also showed inhibitory activity against all bacteria tested with inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 21 mm.

 

Keywords: Swietenia macrophylla, acne, natural treatment, Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis

 

Abstrak

Jerawat adalah penyakit kulit biasa dan selalunya dirawat menggunakan antibiotik dan ubat-ubatan. Namun, sehingga hari ini, pakar dermatologi masih belum dapat merawat ketahanan jerawat terhadap rawatan permukaan dalam jangka masa panjang. Salah satu penyelesaiannya adalah menggunakan sebatian bioaktif semula jadi dari ekstrak tumbuhan. Dalam kajian ini, minyak biji Swietenia macrophylla yang kaya dengan sebatian aktif, digunakan untuk merencat bakteria penyebab jerawat iaitu Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sampel serbuk biji diekstrak menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan Soxhlet dalam tiga jenis pelarut berbeza selama enam jam dan sepuluh kitaran. Analisis hasil ekstrak dijalankan menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrofotometer jisim (GC-MS) dan asai cakera resapan dilakukan untuk menganalisis aktiviti antibakteria. Analisis logam berat pula ditentukan melalui spektrometri pancaran optikal-plasma gandingan aruhan (ICP-OES). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa hasil sebatian bioaktif ialah 37-72%. Sebatian eugenol dan isoeugenol merupakan sebatian utama dalam sampel ekstrak minyak dengan kualiti 98% dan 97%. Sebatian tanpa kerja pengasingan ini juga menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan terhadap semua bakteria yang diuji dengan zon perencatan berjulat antara 11 hingga 21 mm.

 

Kata kunci: Swietenia macrophylla, jerawat, rawatan semula jadi, Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis

 

 

 

Graphical Abstract

 

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