Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 26 No 2
(2022): 347 - 359
THERMAL
DECOMPOSITION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE IN CHICKEN EGGSHELLS: STUDY ON TEMPERATURE
AND CONTACT TIME
(Penguraian Kalsium Karbonat dalam Kulit
Telur Ayam: Kajian Mengenai Suhu dan Masa)
Nadia Razali1, Nurriswin Jumadi1,2*,
Adlin Yasmin Jalani1, Nurhanim Zulaikha Kamarulzaman1, Khairul Faizal Pa'ee3
1Section of Environmental
Engineering Technology
2Section of Process
Engineering Technology
3Section of Food Engineering
Technology
Universiti Kuala Lumpur MICET, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
4Kolej Komuniti Jelebu,
71600 Kuala Klawang, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
*Corresponding
author: nurriswin@s.unikl.edu.my
Received: 13 September 2021; Accepted: 3 February 2022; Published: 28 April 2022
Abstract
Within
the context of a circular economy, the recycling or valorisation of eggshells,
which are typically discarded in landfills, represents an opportunity. The
primary compound in eggshells is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which
can be decomposed into calcium oxide (CaO) by calcination. This study examined
the calcination conditions (temperature and contact time) for the optimum CaCO3
decomposition rate. The eggshell samples were pre-treated to eliminate dirt and
unnecessary biological substance, ground into powder and sieved. The primary
physical and chemical characteristics of eggshell powder were studied,
including colour changes, mass loss, bulk density, moisture content, pH,
thermal properties, and identification of chemical bonds and compounds in a
molecule. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the
synthesised CaCO3 from eggshells, moisture content, bulk density,
pH, FTIR, and XRD. The results showed significant differences in the samples'
colour transition at various temperatures and contact times based on the
physical observation. The TGA analysis showed that eggshell powder decomposed
at a temperature range of 600 - 900 oC. The FTIR results reported that for the
calcine samples, the grey powder consists of CaCO3, while the solid
white powder consists of metal oxide content. Similar seven diffraction peaks
were observed in the XRD analysis for calcination at 900 oC and industrial CaO
(32.25, 37.41, 53.92, 64.18, 67.41, 79.70, and 88.58). The eggshell powder
calcined at the temperature of 900 oC and contact time of 3 h was identified as
an ideal condition for the decomposition of raw eggshell powder based on FTIR
and XRD analyses. Both results showed that CaO corresponded to the wavelength
spectrum and diffraction analysis of the sample.
Keywords: calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, eggshell,
calcination
Abstrak
Dalam
konteks ekonomi kitaran, terdapat peluang untuk mengitar semula kulit telur
yang biasanya dibuang di tempat pembuangan sampah. Sebatian utama dalam kulit
telur ialah kalsium karbonat dan ia boleh diuraikan kepada kalsium oksida
melalui proses pengkalsinan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji keadaan
kalsinasi (suhu dan masa pembakaran) yang sesuai bagi kadar penguraian kalsium
karbonat yang optimum. Sampel kulit telur diproses terlebih dahulu untuk
membuang kotoran dan sisa biologi yang tidak diperlukan dan seterusnya dikisar
menjadi serbuk serta diayak. Ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia utama serbuk kulit
telur seperti perubahan warna, kehilangan jisim, ketumpatan, kandungan lembapan,
pH, sifat terma, dan mengenal pasti ikatan kimia dan sebatian dalam molekul
telah dikaji. Untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia sintesis kalsium
karbonat daripada kulit telur, ujian kandungan lembapan, ketumpatan pukal, pH,
FTIR, and XRD dilaksanakan. Daripada pemerhatian fizikal, hasil menunjukkan
terdapat perbezaan dalam perubahan warna sampel pada pelbagai suhu dan masa
pembakaran. Analisis TGA menunjukkan serbuk kulit telur terurai pada julat suhu
600 oC hingga 900 oC. Hasil FTIR melaporkan bahawa warna kelabu sampel terkalsin
terdiri daripada kalsium karbonat sementara serbuk putih terdiri daripada
kandungan oksida logam. Terdapat tujuh puncak difraksi yang serupa yang
dilaporkan dalam analisis XRD untuk kalsinasi pada suhu 900 oC dan kalsium oksida
(32.25, 37.41, 53.92, 64.18, 67.41, 79.70, dan 88.58). Pengkalsinan serbuk
kulit telur pada suhu 900 oC selama 3 jam dikenal pasti sebagai keadaan yang
sesuai untuk penguraian serbuk kulit telur mentah berdasarkan analisis FTIR dan
XRD. Kedua-dua hasil menunjukkan terdapat kalsium oksida berdasarkan spektrum
gelombang dan analisis difraksi sampel.
Kata kunci: kalsium karbonat, kalsium oksida, kulit telur, kalsinasi
Graphical Abstract
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