Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 2 (2018): 353 - 357

ANALYSIS OF Sesquiterpenes IN AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL FROM HYDRODISTILLATION PROCESS

(Analisis Sesquiterpenes di dalam Pati Minyak Gaharu daripada Proses Penyulingan Air)

Nurhaslina Che Radzi*_,Mohamad Khir Zahari Harip,Mohibah Musa, Nurul Asyikin Md Zaki, Habsah Alwi, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi, Ku Halim Ku Hamid

Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: nurhaslina483@salam.uitm.edu.my

Received: 15 February 2017; Accepted: 2 January 2018

Abstract

Agarwood or its specific named, Aquilaria spp. is a precious tree in the world. It has been used widely in pharmaceutical industry, production of perfumes and incense raw material. In this study, the agarwood essential oil, species of Aquilaria maleccensis is being extracted by using hydrodistillation method. This study aims to analyse the present of chemical compound named sesquiterpenes in the agarwood essential oil. The effect of pre-treatment using soaking process on the agarwood within 7 days, 14 days and 21 days before proceed for hydrodistillation process had been done. The hydrodistillation process took 3 days before the sample of essential oil is collected. The sample is being analysed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed the existence of sesquiterpenes had been identified from all sample of three batches. However, different types of sesquiterpenes were identified for different batch. The highest sesquiterpenes content for 1^st batch is α-gurjunene with 2.95%, the 2^nd batch is ç-Himachalene with 0.292% and the 3^rd batch is same with the 1^st batch which is α-gurjunene with 0.356%.

Keywords: agarwood, Aquilaria maleccensis, Sesquiterpenes, hydrodistillation, gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Abstrak

Gaharu atau nama spesifiknya, Aquilaria spp. adalah pokok yang sangat berharga di dunia. Ia banyak digunakan di dalam industri farmaseutikal, penghasilan minyak wangi dan bahan asas kemenyan. Dalam kajian ini, pati minyak gaharu, jenis Aquilaria maleccensis di ekstrak melalui kaedah penyulingan air. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kehadiran komponen kimia yang dinamakan sebagai sesquiterpenes di dalam pati minyak gaharu. Kesan pra rawatan menggunakan proses rendaman ke atas gaharu dilakukan antara 7 hari, 14 hari dan 21 hari sebelum dilanjutkan ke proses penyulingan air. Proses penyulingan air mengambil masa 3 hari sebelum sampel pati minyak gaharu diambil. Sampel tersebut tersebut seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Keputusan menunjukkan kehadiran sesquiterpenes daripada ketiga-tiga kumpulan. Walau bagaimanapun, jenis sesquiterpenes berbeza dikenalpasti bagi setiap kumpulan. Kuantiti sesquiterpenes paling tinggi dalam kumpulan pertama ialah α-gurjunene iaitu 2.95%, kumpulan kedua ialah ç-Himachalene iaitu sebanyak 0.292% dan kumpulan ketiga adalah bersamaan dengan kumpulan pertama iaitu 0.356%.

Kata kunci: gaharu, Aquilaria maleccensis, Sesquiterpenes, penyulingan air, kromatografi gas spektrometri jisim

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