Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 1 (2018): 115 - 122

REMOVAL OF CRYSTAL VIOLET AND ACID GREEN DYE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING BANANA PLANT-DERIVED SORBENTS

(Penyingkiran Pewarna Crystal Violet Dan Acid Green Dalam Larutan Akues Menggunakan Penjerap Berasaskan Pokok Pisang)

Siti Kartina Abdul Karim¹*, Soh-Fong Lim², David Chua², Shanti Faridah Salleh², Puong Ling Law²

¹Faculty of Applied Science,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak, Samarahan 2 Campus, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

²Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: sitik094@sarawak.uitm.edu.my

Received: 4 December 2016; Accepted: 1 December 2017

Abstract

In this study, the sorption of crystal violet (CV) and acid green (AG) dyes from aqueous solution was performed using banana plant-derived sorbents. Kinetics for both dyes showed that percentage removal increased with a contact time until equilibrium, where it stays almost constant. For CV dye, the percentage removal was above 90% at equilibrium. On the other hand, the percentage removal of AG dye was between 44-54% for the three sorbents. To study the effect of sorbent dose, the dose of the sorbents used was varied from 1 to 100 g/L. From the results, it was observed that an increase in sorbent dose would result in an increase of percentage removal of both dyes. However, for CV dye, the percentage removal became constant after 10 g/L. The effect of pH was also determined for both dye removal, where it was found that CV dye was unaffected by pH change. However, the AG dye can be removed more in highly acidic conditions.

Keywords: acid green dye, crystal violet dye, banana plant-derived sorbents, sorption

Abstrak

Dalam kajian ini, penjerapan pewarna Crystal Violet (CV) dan Acid Green (AG) dari larutan akues dilakukan dengan menggunakan penjerap berasaskan pokok pisang. Eksperimen kinetik menunjukkan bahawa peratus penyingkiran meningkat dengan masa sehingga keseimbangan, di mana peratus ini akan kekal sama. Untuk pewarna CV, lebih 90% pewarna disingkirkan untuk ketiga-tiga penjerap yang digunakan. Peratus penyingkiran pewarna AG hanya antara 44-54% sahaja. Selain itu, eksperimen kesan dos penjerap untuk pewarna menggunakan dos penjerap dari 1 ke 100 g/L. Untuk kedua-dua pewarna, peningkatan dalam dos penjerap meningkatkan peratus penyingkiran. Namun begitu, untuk pewarna CV, dos yang lebih tinggi dari 10 g/L tidak meningkatkan peratus penyingkiran. Kesan pH terhadap penyingkiran pewarna menunjukkan yang pewarna CV tidak dipengaruhi oleh pH. Sebaliknya, pewarna AG hanya boleh disingkirkan dengan baik pada keadaan yang sangat berasid.

Kata kunci: pewarna acid green, pewarna crystal violet, penjerap berasaskan pokok pisang, penjerapan

References

1. Kadirvelu, K., Kavipriya, M., Karthika, C., Radhika, M., Vennilamani, N. and Pattabhi, S. (2003). Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions. Bioresource Technology, 87(1): 129-132.

2. Namasivayam, C., Prabha, D. and Kumutha, M. (1998). Removal of direct red and acid brilliant blue by adsorption on to banana pith. Bioresource Technology, 64(1): 77-79.

3. Hameed, B. H., Mahmoud, D. K. and Ahmad, A. L. (2008). Sorption equilibrium and kinetics of basic dye from aqueous solution using banana stalk waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158(2–3): 499-506.

4. Foo, K. Y., Lee, L. K. and Hameed, B. H. (2013). Preparation of banana frond activated carbon by microwave induced activation for the removal of boron and total iron from landfill leachate. Chemical Engineering Journal, 223: 604-610.

5. Becker, H., Matos, R. F., Souza, J. A. D., Lima, D. D. A., Souza, F. T. C. D. and Longhinotti, E. (2013). Pseudo-stem banana fibers: Characterization and chromium removal. Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry, 5(3): 164-170.

6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division (2015). Faostat: For a World without Hunger. Available from: http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E. /.[Access online 20 January 2017].

7. Pappu, A., Patil, V., Jain, S., Mahindrakar, A., Haque, R. and Thakur, V. K. (2015). Advances in industrial prospective of cellulosic macromolecules enriched banana biofibre resources: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 79: 449-458.

8. Wondraczek, H. and Heinze, T. (2015). Cellulosic biomaterials, in polysaccharides: Bioactivity and biotechnology. Springer International Publishing: pp. 289-328.

9. Pure Earth and Green Cross Switzerland (2016). The world's worst pollution problems 2016: Toxics beneath our feet. Available from: http://www.worstpolluted.org/.[Access online 20 January 2017].

10. Guler, U. A., Ersan, M., Tuncel, E. and Dügenci, F. (2016). Mono and simultaneous removal of crystal violet and safranin dyes from aqueous solutions by hdtma-modified Spirulina sp. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 99: 194-206.

11. Masoumi, A., Hemmati, K. and Ghaemy, M. (2016). Low-cost nanoparticles sorbent from modified rice husk and a copolymer for efficient removal of Pb(II) and crystal violet from water. Chemosphere, 146: 253-262.

12. Ramírez, R. J., Arellano, C. A. P., Gallegos, A. A. Á., González, A. E. J. and Martínez, S. S. (2015). H₂O₂-assisted TiO₂generation during the photoelectrocatalytic process to decompose the acid green textile dye by fenton reaction. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 305: 51-59.

13. Sun, P., Hui, C., Wang, S., Wan, L., Zhang, X. and Zhao, Y. (2016). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofilm as a novel biosorbent for the removal of crystal violet from solution. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 139: 164-170.