Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 1 (2018): 80 - 86
DOI:
10.17576/mjas-2018-2201-10
EFFECTS OF DEPOSITION TIME ON OF COBALT SULFIDE THIN
FILM ELECTRODE FORMATION
(Kesan Tempoh Masa Enapan Terhadap Pembentukan Elektrod Filem Nipis Kobalt
Sulfida)
2Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology
(MJIT),
Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering,
Tokyo University
of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo
162-0825, Japan
*Corresponding
author: sheekeen@ukm.edu.my
Received: 12
April 2017; Accepted: 1 September 2017
Abstract
Cobalt
sulfide counter electrodes (CE) were prepared using the electrodeposition and
ionic exchange deposition method on the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO). Time
deposition effect of thin film were analyzed by using a field emission scanning
X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscope (FESEM), atomic
force microscopic (AFM), and profilometry. The electrocatalytic activities of
electrode were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The growth of
cobalt sulfide structure was confirmed by XRD. Therefore, the optimum
deposition time of cobalt sulfide thin film electrode at 10 min was exhibiting
the higher electrocatalytic activity with cathodic current and surface
roughness of -3.36 mA.cm-2 and 34 nm, respectively.
Keywords: cobalt sulfide, surface roughness,
electrocatalytic activity, electrodeposition, ion exchange deposition
Abstrak
Elektrod lawan
(CE) kobalt sulfida telah disediakan menggunakan teknik elektroenapan dan enapan
pertukaran ion pada permukaan substrat fluorin terdop-timah oksida (FTO). Kesan
tempoh masa enapan terhadap filem nipis telah di analisis menggunakan
pembelauan sinar-X (XRD), analisis elektron imbasan pancaran medan (FESEM),
mikroskop daya atom (AFM) dan profilometer. Keaktifan bermangkin bagi elektrod
telah dianalisis menggunakan teknik kitaran voltamogram (CV). Elektrod kobalt
sulfida pada tempoh masa enapan 10 min mempunyai keaktifan elektrobermangkin
yang tinggi dengan nilai arus katod dan kekasaran permukaan, masing-masing
adalah iaitu -3.36 mA.cm-2 dan 34 nm.
Kata kunci: kobalt sulfida, kekasaran permukaan, keaktifan
elektrobermangkin, elektroenapan, enapan pertukaran ion
References
1. Wang, M., Anghel, A. M., Marsan, B., Cevey Ha, N.-L.,
Pootrakulchote, N. Zakeeruddin, S. M. and Grätzel, M. (2009). CoS supersedes Pt
as efficient electrocatalyst for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar
cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(44): 15976–15977.
2. Lin, J.-Y., Liao, J.-H. and Wei, T.-C. (2011).
Honeycomb-like CoS counter electrodes for transparent dye-sensitized solar
cells. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 14(4): 41.
3. Ramasamy, K., Malik, M. A., Raftery, J., Tuna, F. and
O’Brien, P. (2010). Selective deposition of cobalt sulfide nanostructured thin
films from single-source precursors. Chemistry of Materials, 22(17): 4919–4930.
4. Eze, F. C. and Okeke, C. E. (1997).
Chemical-bath-deposited cobalt sulphide films: Preparation effects. Materials
Chemistry and Physics, 47, 31–36.
5. Lee, K. S., Lee, H. K., Wang, D. H., Park, N.-G., Lee,
J. Y., Park, O. O. and Park, J. H. (2010). Dye-sensitized solar cells with Pt-
and TCO-free counter electrodes. Chemical Communications, 46(25): 4505-4507.
6. Hauch, A. and Georg, A. (2001). Diffusion in the
electrolyte and charge-transfer reaction at the platinum electrode in
dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochimica Acta, 46(22),
3457–3466.
7. Papageorgiou, N. (2004). Counter-electrode function in
nanocrystalline photoelectrochemical cell configurations. Coordination
Chemistry Reviews, 248, 1421–1446.
8. Lin, J., Liao, J. and Chou, S. (2011). Cathodic
electrodeposition of highly porous cobalt sulfide counter electrodes for
dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochimica Acta, 56(24): 8818–8826.
9. Kamble, S. S., Sikora, A., Pawar, S. T., Maldar, N. N.
and Deshmukh, L. P. (2015). Cobalt sulfide thin films: Chemical growth,
reaction kinetics and microstructural analysis. Journal of Alloys and
Compounds, 623: 466–472.
10. Chang, S. H., Lu, M. De, Tung, Y. L. and Tuan, H. Y.
(2013). Gram-scale synthesis of catalytic Co9S8
nanocrystal ink as a cathode material for spray-deposited, large-area
dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano, 7, 9443–9451.
11. Tai, S.-Y., Chang, C.-F., Liu, W.-C., Liao, J.-H. and Lin,
J.-Y. (2013). Optically transparent counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar
cells based on cobalt sulfide nanosheet arrays. Electrochimica Acta, 107: 66–70.
12. Hsu, S., Li, C., Chien, H., Salunkhe, R. R., Suzuki,
N., Yamauchi, Y. and Ho, K. –C. (2014). Platinum-free counter electrode
nanoparticles for efficient. Scientific Report, 4:1-6.
13. Chae, S. Y., Hwang, Y. J., Choi, J.-H. and Joo, O.-S.
(2013). Cobalt sulfide thin films for counter electrodes of dye-sensitized
solar cells with cobalt complex based electrolytes. Electrochimica Acta,
114: 745-749.
14. Rao, S. S., Gopi, C. V. V. M., Kim, S., Son, M.,
Jeong, M., Savariraj, A. D., Prabakar, K. (2014). Cobalt sulfide thin film as
an efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochimica
Acta, 133: 174-179.
15. Hu, G., Orkoulas, G. and Christofides, P. D. (2009).
Regulation of film thickness, surface roughness and porosity in thin film
growth using deposition rate. Chemical Engineering Science, 64: 3903-3913.
16. Hauch, A. and Georg, A. (2001). Diffusion in the
electrolyte and charge-transfer reaction at the platinum electrode in dye-sensitized
solar cells. Electrochimica Acta, 46(22):
3457-3466.
17. Wu, M., Wang, Y., Lin, X., Yu, N., Wang, L., Wang, L.,
Hagfeldt, A. (2011). Economical and effective sulfide catalysts for
dye-sensitized solar cells as counter electrodes. Physical chemistry chemical
physics, 13(43):
19298–19301.
18. Yang, J., Bao, C., Zhu, K., Yu, T., Li, F., Liu, J.,
Li, Z. (2014). High catalytic activity and stability of nickel sulfide and
cobalt sulfide hierarchical nanospheres on the counter electrodes for
dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemical Communications, 50(37): 4824–4826.