The Malaysian Journal of
Analytical Sciences Vol 15 No 1 (2011): 8 - 21
REMOVAL
OF Zn(II), Cd(II) AND Mn(II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
BY
ADSORPTION ON MAIZE STALKS
G. O.
El-Sayed1*, H. A. Dessouki 1 and S. S. Ibrahiem2
1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,
Benha
University, Benha, Egypt
2 National Water Research Center, Central Lab. for
Environ. Qual. Monit.,
Elqanater Elkhayria, Egypt
*Corresponding
author: gamaloelsayed@yahoo.com
Abstract
The potential to remove Zn(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II)
from aqueous solutions through biosorption using maize stalks as an agriculture
waste, was investigated in batch experiments. Different
factors influencing metal adsorption such as contact time, initial metal ion
concentration (40–1000 mg/L), pH (1–8), ionic strength and temperature (298–328
K) were investigated. The adsorption process was relatively fast and
equilibrium was established after about 90 min. The optimum initial pH for zinc,
cadmium and manganese adsorption by maize stalks was 7.0, 6.0 and 5.0, respectively.
Under optimum conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of zinc, cadmium and
manganese ions was 30.30, 18.05 and 16.61 mg metal/g dry biomass, respectively.
In order to investigate the sorption isotherm, three equilibrium models,
Langmuir Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, were analyzed. The adsorption process
for the three metal ions was found to be exothermic in nature. Free energy of adsorption
(ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy
(ΔS0) changes were calculated.
Keywords: maize stalks; metal
removal; cadmium; manganese; zinc
References
1. Bessbousse,
H., Rhlalou, T., Verchère, J.-F. and Lebrun, L. 2008. Removal of heavy metal
ions from aqueous solutions by filtration with a novel complexing membrane
containing poly(ethyleneimine) in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. Journal of
Membrane Science, 307: 249-259.
2. Esalah,
J.O., Weber, M.E. and Vera, J.H. 2000. Removal of lead from aqueous solutions
by precipitation with sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate. Separation and
Purification Technology, 18: 25-36.
3. El
Samrani, A.G., Lartige, B.S. and Villieras, F. 2008. Chemical coagulationof
combined sewer over flow: heavy metal removal and treatment optimization. Water
Research, 42: 951-960.
4. Ofir,
E., Oren, Y. and Adin, A. 2007. Comparing pretreatment by iron of
electro-flocculation and chemical flocculation. Desalination, 204: 87-93.
5. Lin,
L.-C., Li, J.-K. and Juang, R-S. 2008. Removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from
aqueous solutions using batch and fixed-bed ion exchange processes.
Desalination, 225: 249-259.
6. Benito,
Y. and Ruíz, M.L. 2002. Reverse osmosis applied to metal finishing wastewater.
Desalination, 142: 229-234.
7. Cooper,
C.A., Lin, Y.S. and Gonzalez, M. 2004. Separation properties of surface
modified silica supported liquid membranes for divalent metal removal/recovery.
Journal of Membrane Science, 229: 11-25.
8. Juang,
R.-S. and Shiau, R.-C. 2000. Metal removal from aqueous solutions using
chitosan-enhanced membrane filtration. Journal of Membrane Science, 165:
159-167.
9. Nasef,
M.M. and Yahaya, A.H. 2009. Adsorption of some heavy metal ions from aqueous
solutions on Nafion 117 membrane. Desalination, 249: 677-681.
10. Gupta,
S.K., Rathore, N.S., Sonawane, J.V., Pabby, A.K., Janardan, P., Changrani, R.D.
and Dey, P.K. 2007. Dispersion-free solvent extraction of U(VI) in macro amount
from nitric acid solutions using hollow fiber contactor. Journal of Membrane
Science, 300: 131-136.
11. Hasan,
S.H., Singh, K.K., Prakash, O., Talat, M. and Ho, Y.S. 2008. Removal of Cr(VI)
from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste ‘maize bran. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 152: 356-365.
12. Oliveira,
W.E., Franca, A.S., Oliveira, L.S. and Rocha, S.D. 2008. Untreated coffee husks
as biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Journal
of Hazardous Materials, 152: 1073-108.
13. Gao, H.,
Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Xu, W., Li, T. and Xia, W. 2008. Characterization of Cr(VI)
removal from aqueous solutions by a surplus agricultural waste—Rice straw.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150: 446-452.
14. Altundogan,
H.S., Bahar, N., Mujde, B. and Tumen, F. 2007. The use of sulphuric
acid-carbonization products of sugar beet pulp in Cr(VI) removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 144: 255-264.
15. Pagnanelli,
F., Mainelli, S., Vegliò, F. and Toro, L. 2003. Heavy metal removal by olive
pomace: biosorbent characterisation and equilibrium modeling. Chemical
Engineering Science, 58: 4709-4717.
16. Maranon, E.
and Sastre, H. 1991. Heavy metal removal in packed beds using apple wastes,
Bioresources Technology, 38: 39-43.
17. Ho, Y-S.
and Ofomaja, A.E. 2006. Kinetic studies of copper ion adsorption on palm kernel
fibre, Journal of Hazardous Materials B,
137: 1796–1802.
18. Zhu,
C.-S., Wang, L.-P. and Chen, W.-b. 2009. Removal of Cu(II) from aqueous
solution by agricultural by-product: Peanut hull. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 168: 739-746.
19. Meunier,
N., Laroulandie, J., Blais, J.F. and Tyagi R.D. 2003. Cocoa shells for heavy
metal removal from acidic solutions. Bioresources Technology, 90: 255-263.
20. Demirbas,
O., Karadag, A., Alkan, M. and Dogan, M. 2008. Removal of copper ions from
aqueous solutions by hazelnut shell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153:677–684.
21. Argun, M.
E., Dursun, S., Ozdemir, C. and Karatas, M. 2007. Heavy metal adsorption by
modified oak sawdust: Thermodynamics and kinetics. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 141: 77-85.
22. Fiol, N.,
Escudero, C. and Villaescusa, I. 2008. Chromium sorption and Cr(VI) reduction
to Cr(III) by grape stalks and yohimbe bark. Bioresources Technology, 99:
5030-5036.
23. Nadeema, M., Shabbira, M., Abdullahb, M.A.,
Shahc, S.S. and
McKayd, G. 2009.
Sorption
of cadmium from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified carbon adsorbents. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148: 365–370.
24. Saeed, A.,
Akhter, M.W. and Iqbal, M. 2005. Removal and recovery of heavy metals from
aqueous solution using papaya wood as a new biosorbent. Separation and
Purification Technology, 45: 25–31.
25. Runping, H., Pan, H., Zhaohui, C., Zhenhui, Z.
and Mingsheng, T. 2008. Kinetics
and isotherms of Neutral Red adsorption on peanut husk.
Journal of Environmental Science, 20: 1035–1041.
26. Naiya, T.
K., Bhattacharya, A. K. and Das, S. K. 2009. Adsorptive removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions by rice husk
ash. Environmental Progress in Chemical Engineering, 28:
535-546.
27. Ozer, A.
and Ozer, D. 2003. Comparative study of the biosorption of Pb(II), Ni(II) and
Cr(VI) ions onto S. cerevisiae: determination of biosorption heats.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 100: 219–229.
28. Saltal,
K., Sar, A. and Aydın, M. 2007. Removal of ammonium ion from aqueous
solution by natural Turkish (Yıldızeli) zeolite for environmental
quality. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B 141: 258–263.
29. Naiya, T.K., Chowdhury, P., Bhattacharya, A.K. and Das, S. K. 2009. Saw dust and neem bark as low-cost
natural biosorbent for adsorptive removal of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions from
aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148: 68-79.
30. Cieslak-Golonka,
M. 1996. Toxic and mutagenic effects of chromium (VI). A review, Polyhedron,
15: 3667-3918.
31. Horsfall, M. and Spiff, A.I. 2005. Equilibrium
Sorption Study of Al3+, Co2+ and Ag+ in
Aqueous Solutions by Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia Occidentalis HOOK f)
Waste Biomass. Acta Chimica Slovinica, 52: 174–181.
32. Langmuir, I. 1916. The constitution and
fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Journal of American Chemical
Society, 38: 2221–2295.
33. Pehlivan,
E. and Altun, T. 2008. Biosorption of chromium(VI) ion from aqueous solutions
using walnut, hazelnut and almond shell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155:
378-384.
34. Bulut, Y.,
Gozubenli, N. and Aydın, H. 2007. Equilibrium and kinetics studies for
adsorption of direct blue 71 from aqueous solution by wheat shells. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 144: 300–306.
35. Sun, G.
and Shi, W. 1998. Sunflower stalks as adsorbents for the removal of metal ions
from waste water. Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research, 37: 1324–1328.
36. Sciban,
M., Klasnja, M. and Skrbic, B. 2006. Modified hardwood saw dust as adsorbent of
heavy metal ions from water., Wood Science Technology, 40: 217–227.
37. Eslamzadeh,
T., Nasernejad, B., Pour, B.B., Zamani, A. and Bygi. M.E. 2004. Removal of
heavy metals from aqueous solution by carrot residues. Iran, Journal Science
and Technology Transaction A, 28A1: 161–167.
38. Pehlivan,
E., Cetin, S. and Yanik, B.H. 2005. Equilibrium studies for the sorption of
zinc and copper from aqueous solutions using sugar beat pulp and fly ash.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 135: 193–199.
39. Okieiman,
F.E., Okundla, E.V. and Ogbeifun, D.E. 1991. Sorption of cadmium and lead ions
on modified groundnut (Arachis hypogea) husks. Journal of Chemical
Technology and Biotechnology, 51: 97–103.
40. Krishnan,
K.A. and Anirudhan, T.S. 2003. Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by
steamactivated sulphurised carbon prepared from sugar-cane bagasse pith:
kinetics and equilibrium studies. Water SA 29: 147–156.
41. Al-Anber,
Z.A. and Matouq, M.A.D. 2008. Batch adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous
solution by means of olive cake. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151: 194–201.
42. Allen,
J.S. and Brown, P.A. 2004. Isotherm analyses for single component and
multicomponent metal sorption onto lignite. Journal of Chemical Technology and
Biotechnology, 62: 17–24.
43. Low, K.S.,
Lee, C.K. and Liew, S.C. 2000. Sorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous
solutions by spent grain. Process Biochemistry, 36: 59–64.
44. Singh,
K.K., Rupainwar, D.C. and Hasan S.H. 2005. Low cost bio-sorbent “maize bran”
for the removal of cadmium from wastewater. Journal of the Indian Chemical
Society, 82: 342–346.
45. Ho, Y.S.
and Wang, C.C. 2004. Pseudo-isotherms for the sorption of cadmium ion onto tree
fern. Process Biochemistry, 39: 761–765.
46. Silva,
R.M.P., Rodriguez, A.A., De, J.M.G.M. and Moreno, D.C. 2009. Biosorption of
chromium, copper, manganese and zinc by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT18 isolated
from a site contaminated with petroleum. Bioresources Technology, 100:
1533–1538.
47. Rajic, N.,
Stojakovic, D., Jevtic, S., Logar, N.Z.,
Kovac, J. and Kaucic, V. 2009. Removal of aqueous manganese using the natural
zeolitic tuff from the Vranjska Banja deposit in Serbia. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 172: 1450–1457.
48. Robinson-Lora,
M.A. and Brennan, R.A. 2010. Biosorption of manganese onto chitin and
associated proteins during the treatment of mine impacted water. Chemical
Engineering Journal, 162:565 -572.
49. Yavuz, O.,
Altunkaynak, Y. and Guze, F. 2003. Removal of copper, nickel, cobalt and
manganese from aqueous solution by kaolinite. Water Research, 37: 948–952.
50. Mohamed,
Z.A. 2001. Removal of cadmium and manganese by a non-toxic strain of the
freshwater cyanobacterium gloeothece magna. Water Research, 35:
4405–4409.
51. Freundlich, H.M.F. 1906. Over the adsorption
in solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 57: 385–470.
52. Senturk, H.B., Ozdes, D., Gundogdu, A., Duran,
C. and
Soylak, M. 2009. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto
organomodified
Tirebolu bentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic
and thermodynamic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172: 353–362.
53. Temkin, M.J. and Pyzhev, V. 1940. Recent
modifications to langmuir isotherms. Acta Physiochimica URRS, 12: 217–222.
54. Aharoni,
C. and Ungarish, M. 1977. Kinetics of activated chemisorption. Part
2-Theoretical models. Journal of Chemical Society, Faraday
Transaction, 73: 456.
55. Hosseine, M., Merten, M., Ghorbani, M. and
Arshadi, M.R. 2003. Asymmetrical Schiff bases as inhibitors of mild steel
corrosion in sulphuric acid media. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 78:
800–807.
56. Meena,
A.K., Mishra, G.K., Rai, P.K., Rajagopal, C. and Nagar, P.N. 2005. Removal of
heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, B 122: 161-170.
57. Ugurlu, M.
2009. Adsorption of a textile dye onto activated sepiolite. Microporous and
mesoporous Materials, 119: 276-283.